A safety razor is a shaving implement with a protective device positioned between the edge of the blade and the skin. The initial purpose of these protective devices was to reduce the level of skill needed for injury-free shaving, thereby reducing the reliance on professional barbers. The term was first used in a patent issued in 1880, for a razor in the basic contemporary configuration with a handle attached at right angles to a head in which a removable blade is placed (although this form predated the patent).

Plastic disposable razors and razors with replaceable blade attachments are in common use today. Razors commonly include one to five cutting edges, but sometimes up to seven edges.

The basic form of a razor, "the cutting blade of which is at right angles with the handle, and resembles somewhat the form of a common hoe", was first described in a patent application in 1847 by William S. Henson. This also covered a "comb tooth guard or protector" which could be attached both to the hoe form and to a conventional straight razor.

Gillette’s newest shaving system has just one blade, a light plastic handle and a sharply lower price. The move by P&G is to aggressively push into emerging markets for new customers and growth. That focus is forcing P&G to be more modest on scale and more flexible on price. Gillette commands about 70% of the world’s razor and blade sales, but it lags behind rivals in India and other developing markets, mainly because those consumers can’t afford to buy its flagship products.

Single-Edge Razors

The first safety razors used a single-edge blade that was essentially a 4 cm long segment of a straight razor. A flat blade that could be used alternately with this "wedge" was first illustrated in a patent issued in 1878, serving as a close prototype for the single-edge blade in its present form. New single-edge razors were developed and used side-by-side with double-edge razors for decades. The largest manufacturers were the American Safety Razor Company with its "Ever-Ready" series, and the Gem Cutlery Company with its "Gem" models. Although single-edge razors are no longer in production they are readily available. Blades for them are still being manufactured both for shaving and technical purposes.

Indian men are becoming more conscious about their looks. They want to look better and more appealing physically to get more attention. The influence of the western culture, along with the rise of the Indian models, sportsmen and actors in promoting the wellness products are taking this industry to a new level as aspiring adults find their icons groomed and well-dressed. They want to look and perform like them. The grooming industry has opened all doors for aspirants like them where they can maneuver and improvise their looks with the aid of various trending products and grooming techniques.

Double Edged Razor Blades

The true genius of the double edged razor blade is how it is bent over and held in tension within the razor. This simple engineering technique allows the blade edge to be held very firmly in a precise position whilst using the minimum amount of steel in that blade. Hence double edged blades can be extremely thin and a thousand of them only weigh a few ounces. However this is still a massive amount of steel compared to multibladed system razors that only have an edge about 1mm deep made of steel which is then mounted in plastic.

Double edged blades have been in manufacture for over 100 years (though it was only in the 1930s that they became as thin as they are today) so their production is not rocket science. However putting a superb edge (for that is what is needed) on such a thin piece of steel in a mass manufacturing process is not easy.

Most of the world’s razors are made in a very small handful of factories around the world such as Gillette in Manuas, Brazil and St Petersburg, Russia, Vidyut in Bombay, India and Lord in Alexandria, Egypt. The manufacturing processes are proprietary and partly secret. The plants are capital intensive, contain a lot of technology and run at very high speed..

Market Outlook

The shaving market in India is estimated at around Rs 1,500 crore. The market is growing at around 7-8 per cent annually. Gillette is the market leader in razors and blades. Its market share has been growing consistently. A significant percentage of this market comprises consumers who get their shaves done at salons.

The market size of India's beauty, cosmetic and grooming market will reach $ 20 billion by 2025 from the current $ 6.5 billion on the back of rise in disposable income of middle class and growing aspirations of people to live good life and look good, according to Assocham. To suit consumption across difference levels of purchasing power, FMCG companies are coming out with variety of products in different price range.  The rural population too is joining the mainstream with improvement in linkages with the cities by roads, telecommunication and the firms reaching out.

The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the men grooming industry will increase by 17% by the end of 2020. The adoption of western culture, increased disposable income, elevated standard of living, and urbanisation is contributing to the growth of the grooming industry for both the genders. Men are now spending a handsome part of their income as a disposable amount for their grooming sessions in spas and salons. The wellness and beauty grooming market in India will double its figure to INR 80,370 Crore in between 2017-18, as projected by a KPMG Wellness report.

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